Ketamine

Ketamine

Trade names	Ketalar
Clinical data
Drug class	Sedative hypnotic
Uses	Induction and maintenance of anesthesia, sedation, analgesia
Contraindications	<3 months old Situations where elevated blood pressure or myocardial oxygen demand would be dangerous Schizophrenia Use controversial with elevated ICP or IOP
Routes of administration	IV, IM, IN, PO, PR
Dosage	Induction of anesthesia: IV: 1-2 mg/kg IM: 4-6 mg/kg IN: 3-6 mg/kg Subdissociative analgesia: IV: 0.1-0.3 mg/kg, then 0.1 mg/kg/hr
Pharmacodynamics
Mechanism of action	NMDA antagonism
Adverse effects	Laryngospasm Hypersalivation Emesis Emergence reaction
Pharmacokinetics
Onset of action	IV: 15-30 seconds IM: 3-5 minutes
Duration of action	IV: 5-10 minutes IM: 12-30 minutes (residual 0.5-2 hours) PO: 1-6+ hours
Metabolism	Liver (CYP3A4, CYP2B6)
Elimination half-life	2.5-3 hours
Protein binding	23-47%
Physical and chemical data
Formula	C13H16ClNO
Molar mass	237.73 g/mol
Article quality
Editor rating	In development
User likes	1

Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic used for the induction of anesthesia, procedural sedation, and as an analgesic adjunct.