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2016;63(5)B5241 9 Airway Devices Nasopharyngeal Airway Used in awake or sedated patients without definitive airway to bypass upper airway obstruction. Proper

Scale 12 9 Airway Devices ASA Difficult Airway Algorithm Nasopharyngeal Airway Used in awake or sedated patients without definitive airway to bypass upper

breathing increases maximal oropharyngeal airway size and decreases closing pressures of the airway (indicating a more patent airway), whereas neck flexion

LMA (GA) vs nasopharyngeal airway (MAC) vs no airway instrumentation (MAC) GA vs MAC for the pre-awake phase Differ in airway management, ventilation mode

for surgical airway (tracheostomy) Continued on next page DIFFICULT AIRWAY 6 If second intubation attempt fails Insert oropharyngeal airway and perform

fiberoptic bronchoscopic guidance can also facilitate intubation in patients with airway pathology. Retrograde fiberoptic intubation (RFI) is described sparingly

PHYSIOLOGY Anatomy of Upper Airway and Trachea The airway can be functionally divided into upper and lower airway. The upper airway includes the nose, pharynx

high risk of difficulty with laryngoscopes given oropharyngeal blood, and ample assistance and airway devices should be available. References:  Houck

system (Figure 1): Paw ¼ P0 þ (R � flow) þ (Vt � ERS), where Paw ¼ airway pressure (at the airway opening), P0 ¼ initial alveolar pressure, R ¼ resistance to

system (Figure 1): Paw ¼ P0 þ (R � flow) þ (Vt � ERS), where Paw ¼ airway pressure (at the airway opening), P0 ¼ initial alveolar pressure, R ¼ resistance to

meticulous airway management. 6. Careful preoperative planning will prevent the conversion of a partial airway obstruction into a complete airway obstruction

injury Established evidence-based practice • Maintain low tidal volumes and airway plateau pressure less than 30 cm H2O (6 mL/kg predicted bodyweight) for

swab from the upper airway does not rule out SARS-CoV-2 infection and repeated sampling from multiple sites, including the lower airway, will increase diagnostic

excluded because cervical spine surgery may differ among concepts, including airway management and perioperative complications, compared with thoracolumbar

(RT-PCR) 184 • CID 2017:65 (15 July) • Self et al of nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swabs for Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae

INTRODUCTION Patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) require definitive airway protection because they are at risk of pulmonary aspiration or compromised