Ketorolac

Ketorolac

Trade names	Toradol
Clinical data
Drug class	NSAID
Uses	Post-op pain
Contraindications	Renal disease or injury, peptic ulcer disease, GI bleeding
Routes of administration	IV, IM, oral
Dosage	IV or IM: 30mg once, if needed can repeat q6h up to 120mg daily
Dosage
Pharmacodynamics
Mechanism of action	Inhibition of COX (COX-1 > COX-2)
Pharmacokinetics
Onset of action	10-15 minutes
Duration of action	2-4 hours
Physical and chemical data
Article quality
Editor rating	In development
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Ketorolac is a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) that is frequently used intra-op for management of post-op pain.

Uses

• Post-op pain management

Contraindications

Absolute contraindications

• GFR < 30mL/min

Precautions

• Chronic renal disease
• AKI
• GI bleeding
• Peptic ulcer disease

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Mechanism of action

• NSAID that inhibits COX
• Of the NSAIDs, most selective for COX-1 inhibition over COX-2

Adverse effects

• COX-1 selectivity increases risk for GI tract irritation and bleeding
• Thromboembolic disease is always a consideration when using NSAIDs, although ketorolac has lower risk for exacerbating thromboembolic disease compared to more COX-2 selective agents like celecoxib

Pharmacokinetics

• Highly protein bound
• Almost completely renally eliminated