View source for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

{{Infobox comorbidity
| other_names =COPD 
| image = 
| caption = 
| anesthetic_relevance =High 
| specialty =Pulmonology 
| signs_symptoms =Shortness of breath, wheezing, hypercarbia 
| diagnosis = 
| treatment = 
|anesthetic_management=}}

Provide a brief summary of this comorbidity here.

==Anesthetic implications<!-- Briefly summarize the anesthetic implications of this comorbidity. -->==

===Preoperative optimization<!-- Describe how this comorbidity may influence preoperative evaluation and optimization of patients. -->===

===Intraoperative management<!-- Describe how this comorbidity may influence intraoperative management. -->===

===Postoperative management<!-- Describe how this comorbidity may influence postoperative management. -->===

==Related surgical procedures<!-- List and briefly describe any procedures which may be performed specifically to treat this comorbidity or its sequelae. If none, this section may be removed. -->==

==Pathophysiology<!-- Describe the pathophysiology of this comorbidity. Add subsections as needed. -->==

==Signs and symptoms<!-- Describe the signs and symptoms of this comorbidity. -->==

==Diagnosis<!-- Describe how this comorbidity is diagnosed. -->==

==Treatment<!-- Summarize the treatment of this comorbidity. Add subsections as needed. -->==

===Medication<!-- Describe medications used to manage this comorbidity. -->===

===Surgery<!-- Describe surgical procedures used to treat this comorbidity. -->===

===Prognosis<!-- Describe the prognosis of this comorbidity -->===

==Epidemiology<!-- Describe the epidemiology of this comorbidity -->==

==References==

[[Category:Comorbidities]]
[[Category:Pulmonary disorders]]