Pancreatectomy
Anesthesia type

General ± Epidural

Airway

ETT

Lines and access

PIV x2 Arterial line

Monitors

Standard 5-lead ECG Temperature ABP

Primary anesthetic considerations
Preoperative

Electrolyte disturbances Diabetes management

Intraoperative

Hypovolemia Glucose management

Postoperative
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A pancreatectomy can be indicated for conditions such as pancreatic stones, cysts, benign or malignant tumors, ductal obstructions, or chronic pancreatitis. It can be classified as total, where the entire organ is removed, often along with the spleen, gallbladder, local lymph nodes, the common bile duct, and portions of the small intestine and stomach, or partial, where the pancreas is resected from the mesenteric vessels distally, leaving the head and uncinate process intact.

Preoperative management

Patient evaluation

System Considerations
Airway
Neurologic
Cardiovascular
Pulmonary
Gastrointestinal
Hematologic
Renal
Endocrine Diabetes is common in these patients, glucose management should be considered
Other Electrolyte derangements and hypovolemia common in patients with pancreatitis

Labs and studies

  • CBC
  • Electrolytes
    • Especially K+, serum glucose, BUN, Cr
  • Coagulation panel
  • LFTs
  • Urinalysis
  • EKG
  • CXR
  • TTE is commonly requested

Operating room setup

  • Have insulin available for glucose management
  • Have pressor (usually norepinephrine) available for management of hypotension

Patient preparation and premedication

Regional and neuraxial techniques

  • Epidurals are common to manage postoperative pain
  • If epidural is not performed, TAP blocks can be an alternative

Intraoperative management

Monitoring and access

  • Arterial line
  • 2 large bore IVs

Induction and airway management

Positioning

  • Supine

Maintenance and surgical considerations

Emergence

Postoperative management

Disposition

  • Floor vs. ICU

Pain management

  • Epidural is common for postoperative pain management
  • TAP blocks are an alternative for patients who cannot receive epidurals

Potential complications

  • Endocrine and exocrine insufficiency
  • Wound infection
  • Duodenal necrosis
  • Diabetes
  • Hemorrhage

Procedure variants

Total Near-Total (Child's Procedure) Partial (Distal)
Indications Pancreatic stones, cysts, ductal obstruction, benign or malignant tumor, chronic pancreatitis When underlying disease has functionally destroyed the pancreas or when lesser procedures have failed to provide adequate pain relief Tumor or pancreatitis
Surgical procedure Entire organ removed, usually with spleen, gallbladder, local lymph nodes, CBD, portions of SI and stomach. Remaining distal stomach is anastomosed to a portion of the SI Removal of entire pancreas except rim of tissue along the lesser curvature of the duodenum, which makes it unnecessary to reconstruct the bile duct Resection of the pancreas from the mesenteric vessels distally, leaving the head and uncinate process intact
Surgical time 3-6h 3-6h
EBL 300-500cc 300-500cc
Postoperative disposition
Pain management
Potential complications

References