Propofol
Trade names

Diprivan

Propofol.svg
Clinical data
Drug class

Sedative hypnotic

Uses

Induction and maintenance of anesthesia, sedation

Contraindications

Egg/soy allergy (controversial)

Routes of administration

Intravenous

Dosage

Induction of anesthesia:

  • Adult: 1-2.5 mg/kg
  • Elderly: 1-1.5 mg/kg
  • Pediatric: 2.5-3.5 mg/kg

Maintenance of anesthesia:

  • Adult: 100-200 mcg/kg/min
  • Elderly: 50-100 mcg/kg/min
  • Pediatric: 125-300 mcg/kg/min
Pharmacodynamics
Mechanism of action

GABA agonism

Adverse effects

Hypotension Bradycardia Pain on injection

Pharmacokinetics
Onset of action

15-30 seconds

Duration of action

5-10 minutes

Metabolism

Liver glucuronidation

Redistribution half-life

2-8 minutes (initial) 30-70 minutes (slow)

Elimination half-life

1.5-31 hours

Clearance

1.5-2.2 L/min

Protein binding

95-99%

pKa

11

Volume of distribution

6-40 L (central) 150-700 L (steady state)

Physical and chemical data
Formula

C12H18O

Molar mass

178.275 g/mol

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Propofol is the most commonly used intravenous anesthetic, used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, sedation of mechanically ventilated adults, and procedural sedation.

Uses

Contraindications

Absolute contraindications

Precautions

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Mechanism of action

Propofol reduces consciousness through GABAA receptor agonism and potentiation.

Adverse effects

  • Hypotension
  • Bradycardia
  • Apnea
  • Pain on injection
  • Propofol infusion syndrome
  • Hypertriglyceridemia

Pharmacokinetics

Chemistry and formulation

History

References