Ondansetron - Revision history

Chris.Rishel: Moved dosage data into calculator

2023-01-08T20:36:33Z

Moved dosage data into calculator

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:36, 8 January 2023
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	Patients taking apomorphine		Patients taking apomorphine
	\| routes = PO, IM, IV		\| routes = PO, IM, IV
	\| dosage = ~~Postoperative nausea and vomiting~~		\| dosage =
	~~Adults:~~
	~~- 8 mg every 12 hours PO~~
	~~- 4 mg IV~~
	~~Maximum dose of 16 mg; 8 mg in severe hepatic impairment~~
	~~Pediatrics:~~
	~~- 0.15 mg/kg per dose with maximum of 16 mg per dose~~
	\| dosage_calculation = ondansetron		\| dosage_calculation = ondansetron
	\| mechanism = 5HT3 antagonist		\| mechanism = 5HT3 antagonist

Chris.Rishel: Reorganization, some minor changes

2023-01-08T20:21:19Z

Reorganization, some minor changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:21, 8 January 2023
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	{{Infobox drug reference		{{Infobox drug reference
	\| trade_names = Zofran		\| trade_names = Zofran
	\| drug_class = ~~Anti-emetic~~		\| drug_class = Antiemetic
	\| drug_class_color =		\| drug_class_color =
	\| uses = Prevention and treatment ~~of chemo-induced, radiation induced nausea and vomiting, prevention~~ of postoperative nausea and vomiting		\| uses = Prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting
	\| contraindications = Prolonged QT ~~intervals, patients~~ taking apomorphine		\| contraindications = Prolonged QT interval
			Patients taking apomorphine
	\| routes = PO, IM, IV		\| routes = PO, IM, IV
	\| dosage = Postoperative nausea and vomiting		\| dosage = Postoperative nausea and vomiting
Line 15:		Line 16:
	\| dosage_calculation = ondansetron		\| dosage_calculation = ondansetron
	\| mechanism = 5HT3 antagonist		\| mechanism = 5HT3 antagonist
	\| adverse_effects = ~~cardiac~~ arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, constipation, headaches		\| adverse_effects = Cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, constipation, headaches
	\| duration =		\| duration =
	\| metabolism = Liver oxidation followed by glucuronidation and sulfate conjugation		\| metabolism = Liver oxidation followed by glucuronidation and sulfate conjugation
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	}}		}}

	Ondansetron is a 5HT<sub>3</sub> receptor antagonist that is commonly used for the treatment ~~and prophylaxis~~ of ~~chemo induced nausea and vomiting, radiation induced nausea and vomiting, and~~ postoperative nausea and vomiting.		'''Ondansetron''' is a 5HT<sub>3</sub> receptor antagonist that is commonly used for the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

	== Uses<!-- Describe uses of the drug. If appropriate, add subsections for each indication. --> ==		== Uses<!-- Describe uses of the drug. If appropriate, add subsections for each indication. --> ==

	* ~~treatment and prevention of chemo-induced nausea~~ and ~~vomiting~~		* Prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting
	* treatment ~~and prevention of radiation induced nausea and vomiting~~		* Commonly used to treat many other causes of nausea and vomiting<ref name=":0">{{Citation\|last=Griddine\|first=Alexandria\|title=Ondansetron\|date=2022\|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499839/\|work=StatPearls\|place=Treasure Island (FL)\|publisher=StatPearls Publishing\|pmid=29763014\|access-date=2023-01-05\|last2=Bush\|first2=Jeffrey S.}}</ref>
	* Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting
	* ~~Off-label use for the prevention~~ of nausea and vomiting ~~associated with pregnancy~~<ref name=":0">{{Citation\|last=Griddine\|first=Alexandria\|title=Ondansetron\|date=2022\|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499839/\|work=StatPearls\|place=Treasure Island (FL)\|publisher=StatPearls Publishing\|pmid=29763014\|access-date=2023-01-05\|last2=Bush\|first2=Jeffrey S.}}</ref>

	== Contraindications<!-- List contraindications and precautions for use of the drug. --> ==		== Contraindications<!-- List contraindications and precautions for use of the drug. --> ==
Line 46:		Line 45:

	=== Pharmacodynamics<!-- Describe the effects of the drug on the body. If appropriate, add subsections by organ system --> ===		=== Pharmacodynamics<!-- Describe the effects of the drug on the body. If appropriate, add subsections by organ system --> ===

	* Metabolized by CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP2E1, CYP1A2 initially with oxidation followed by glucuronide and sulfate conjugations <ref name=":0" />
	** Many polymorphisms with four different phenotypes
	*** Poor metabolizer (no functional allele)
	*** Intermediate metabolizer (less activity than one functional allele)
	*** Extensive metabolizer (two functional allele, most common phenotype)
	*** Ultrarapid metabolizer (three functional allele)

	==== Mechanism of action<!-- Describe the mechanism of action for the primary uses of the drug. --> ====		==== Mechanism of action<!-- Describe the mechanism of action for the primary uses of the drug. --> ====
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	* Plasma half life is approximately 4 hours<ref name=":1">{{Citation\|last=Zabirowicz\|first=Eric S.\|title=Pharmacology of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting\|date=2019\|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-48110-6.00034-x\|work=Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia\|pages=671–692\|publisher=Elsevier\|access-date=2023-01-05\|last2=Gan\|first2=Tong J.}}</ref>		* Plasma half life is approximately 4 hours<ref name=":1">{{Citation\|last=Zabirowicz\|first=Eric S.\|title=Pharmacology of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting\|date=2019\|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-48110-6.00034-x\|work=Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia\|pages=671–692\|publisher=Elsevier\|access-date=2023-01-05\|last2=Gan\|first2=Tong J.}}</ref>
			*Metabolized by CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP2E1, CYP1A2 initially with oxidation followed by glucuronide and sulfate conjugations <ref name=":0" />
			** Many polymorphisms with four different phenotypes
			*** Poor metabolizer (no functional allele)
			*** Intermediate metabolizer (less activity than one functional allele)
			*** Extensive metabolizer (two functional allele, most common phenotype)
			*** Ultrarapid metabolizer (three functional allele)

	== Chemistry and formulation<!-- Describe the chemistry and formulation of the drug. --> ==		== Chemistry and formulation<!-- Describe the chemistry and formulation of the drug. --> ==
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	== References ==		== References ==
	Zabirowicz, Eric S.; Gan, Tong J. (2019), "Pharmacology of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting", ''Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia'', Elsevier, pp. 671–692, retrieved 2023-01-05<ref name=":1" />

	Griddine, Alexandria; Bush, Jeffrey S. (2022), "Ondansetron", ''StatPearls'', Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, [[PMID (identifier)\|PMID]] 29763014, retrieved 2023-01-05<ref name=":0" />
	[[Category:Drug reference]]		[[Category:Drug reference]]
			<references />
			[[Category:Antiemetics]]

Cornel.Chiu: Right template

2023-01-05T22:31:36Z

Right template

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:31, 5 January 2023
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	\| contraindications = Prolonged QT intervals, patients taking apomorphine		\| contraindications = Prolonged QT intervals, patients taking apomorphine
	\| routes = PO, IM, IV		\| routes = PO, IM, IV
	\| dosage =		\| dosage = Postoperative nausea and vomiting
			Adults:
			- 8 mg every 12 hours PO
			- 4 mg IV
			Maximum dose of 16 mg; 8 mg in severe hepatic impairment
			Pediatrics:
			- 0.15 mg/kg per dose with maximum of 16 mg per dose
	\| dosage_calculation = ondansetron		\| dosage_calculation = ondansetron
	\| mechanism = 5HT3 antagonist		\| mechanism = 5HT3 antagonist
Line 22:		Line 28:
	* treatment and prevention of radiation induced nausea and vomiting		* treatment and prevention of radiation induced nausea and vomiting
	* Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting		* Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting
	* ~~off~~-label use for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy<ref name=":0">{{Citation\|last=Griddine\|first=Alexandria\|title=Ondansetron\|date=2022\|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499839/\|work=StatPearls\|place=Treasure Island (FL)\|publisher=StatPearls Publishing\|pmid=29763014\|access-date=2023-01-05\|last2=Bush\|first2=Jeffrey S.}}</ref>		* Off-label use for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy<ref name=":0">{{Citation\|last=Griddine\|first=Alexandria\|title=Ondansetron\|date=2022\|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499839/\|work=StatPearls\|place=Treasure Island (FL)\|publisher=StatPearls Publishing\|pmid=29763014\|access-date=2023-01-05\|last2=Bush\|first2=Jeffrey S.}}</ref>

	== Contraindications<!-- List contraindications and precautions for use of the drug. --> ==		== Contraindications<!-- List contraindications and precautions for use of the drug. --> ==
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	* Antagonism of the 5HT<sub>3</sub> receptors		* Antagonism of the 5HT<sub>3</sub> receptors
	* Centrally, ondansetron antagonizes the 5HT<sub>3</sub> receptors in the area postrema <ref name=":0" />		* Centrally, ondansetron antagonizes the 5HT<sub>3</sub> receptors in the area postrema <ref name=":0" />
	* Peripherally, ondansetron antagonizes the 5HT<sub>3</sub> receptors on the vagus nerve within the GI tracts which forms synapses within the nucleus tracts solitarius ~~(a region also responsible for vomiting)~~		* Peripherally, ondansetron antagonizes the 5HT<sub>3</sub> receptors on the vagus nerve within the GI tracts which forms synapses within the nucleus tracts solitarius <ref name=":0" />
	** Predominant mechanism for its anti-emetic effect		** Predominant mechanism for its anti-emetic effect

Cornel.Chiu: Brief summary, Uses, contraindication, precautions, pharmacodynamics, adverse effects, chemistry and formulation, references

2023-01-05T22:26:16Z

Brief summary, Uses, contraindication, precautions, pharmacodynamics, adverse effects, chemistry and formulation, references

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:26, 5 January 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Infobox drug reference		{{Infobox drug reference
	\| trade_names =		\| trade_names = Zofran
	\| drug_class =		\| drug_class = Anti-emetic
	\| drug_class_color =		\| drug_class_color =
	\| uses =		\| uses = Prevention and treatment of chemo-induced, radiation induced nausea and vomiting, prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting
	\| contraindications =		\| contraindications = Prolonged QT intervals, patients taking apomorphine
	\| routes =		\| routes = PO, IM, IV
	\| dosage =		\| dosage =
	\| dosage_calculation = ondansetron		\| dosage_calculation = ondansetron
			\| mechanism = 5HT3 antagonist
			\| adverse_effects = cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, constipation, headaches
			\| duration =
			\| metabolism = Liver oxidation followed by glucuronidation and sulfate conjugation
			\| halflife_elimination = 4 hours
	}}		}}

	~~Provide~~ a ~~brief summary~~ of ~~this drug here~~.		Ondansetron is a 5HT<sub>3</sub> receptor antagonist that is commonly used for the treatment and prophylaxis of chemo induced nausea and vomiting, radiation induced nausea and vomiting, and postoperative nausea and vomiting.

	== Uses<!-- Describe uses of the drug. If appropriate, add subsections for each indication. --> ==		== Uses<!-- Describe uses of the drug. If appropriate, add subsections for each indication. --> ==

			* treatment and prevention of chemo-induced nausea and vomiting
			* treatment and prevention of radiation induced nausea and vomiting
			* Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting
			* off-label use for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy<ref name=":0">{{Citation\|last=Griddine\|first=Alexandria\|title=Ondansetron\|date=2022\|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499839/\|work=StatPearls\|place=Treasure Island (FL)\|publisher=StatPearls Publishing\|pmid=29763014\|access-date=2023-01-05\|last2=Bush\|first2=Jeffrey S.}}</ref>

	== Contraindications<!-- List contraindications and precautions for use of the drug. --> ==		== Contraindications<!-- List contraindications and precautions for use of the drug. --> ==

	=== Absolute contraindications<!-- List absolute contraindications for use of the drug. If none, this section may be removed. --> ===		=== Absolute contraindications<!-- List absolute contraindications for use of the drug. If none, this section may be removed. --> ===

			* Prolonged QT intervals
			* Patients taking apomorphine <ref name=":0" /> as it can cause hypotension and loss of consciousness

	=== Precautions<!-- List precautions for use of the drug. If none, this section may be removed. --> ===		=== Precautions<!-- List precautions for use of the drug. If none, this section may be removed. --> ===

			* Maximum dose of 16 mg IV due to risk of QT prolongation and arrhythmias
			* Maximum dose decreased to 8 mg IV or 8 mg PO in severe hepatic impairment
			* Dissolving tablets formulations contain phenylalanine which can lead to irreversible neurological damage in phenylketonuria (PKU)<ref name=":0" />

	== Pharmacology ==		== Pharmacology ==

	=== Pharmacodynamics<!-- Describe the effects of the drug on the body. If appropriate, add subsections by organ system --> ===		=== Pharmacodynamics<!-- Describe the effects of the drug on the body. If appropriate, add subsections by organ system --> ===

			* Metabolized by CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP2E1, CYP1A2 initially with oxidation followed by glucuronide and sulfate conjugations <ref name=":0" />
			** Many polymorphisms with four different phenotypes
			*** Poor metabolizer (no functional allele)
			*** Intermediate metabolizer (less activity than one functional allele)
			*** Extensive metabolizer (two functional allele, most common phenotype)
			*** Ultrarapid metabolizer (three functional allele)

	==== Mechanism of action<!-- Describe the mechanism of action for the primary uses of the drug. --> ====		==== Mechanism of action<!-- Describe the mechanism of action for the primary uses of the drug. --> ====

			* Antagonism of the 5HT<sub>3</sub> receptors
			* Centrally, ondansetron antagonizes the 5HT<sub>3</sub> receptors in the area postrema <ref name=":0" />
			* Peripherally, ondansetron antagonizes the 5HT<sub>3</sub> receptors on the vagus nerve within the GI tracts which forms synapses within the nucleus tracts solitarius (a region also responsible for vomiting)
			** Predominant mechanism for its anti-emetic effect

	==== Adverse effects<!-- Describe any potential adverse effects of the drug. --> ====		==== Adverse effects<!-- Describe any potential adverse effects of the drug. --> ====

			* Cardiac arrhythmia
			* Cardiac arrest
			* Constipation
			* Headache
			* dry mouth
			* malaise
			* drowsiness
			* sedation
			* pruritus
			* transient elevation in liver function test

	=== Pharmacokinetics<!-- Describe the pharmacokinetics of the drug. --> ===		=== Pharmacokinetics<!-- Describe the pharmacokinetics of the drug. --> ===

			* Peak plasma concentration about 1.5 hours after an 8 mg PO dose

			* Plasma half life is approximately 4 hours<ref name=":1">{{Citation\|last=Zabirowicz\|first=Eric S.\|title=Pharmacology of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting\|date=2019\|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-48110-6.00034-x\|work=Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia\|pages=671–692\|publisher=Elsevier\|access-date=2023-01-05\|last2=Gan\|first2=Tong J.}}</ref>

	== Chemistry and formulation<!-- Describe the chemistry and formulation of the drug. --> ==		== Chemistry and formulation<!-- Describe the chemistry and formulation of the drug. --> ==
			Available in PO, intramuscular (IM), and intravenous (IV).

	== History<!-- Describe the historical development of the drug. --> ==		== History<!-- Describe the historical development of the drug. --> ==

	== References ==		== References ==
			Zabirowicz, Eric S.; Gan, Tong J. (2019), "Pharmacology of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting", ''Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia'', Elsevier, pp. 671–692, retrieved 2023-01-05<ref name=":1" />

			Griddine, Alexandria; Bush, Jeffrey S. (2022), "Ondansetron", ''StatPearls'', Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, [[PMID (identifier)\|PMID]] 29763014, retrieved 2023-01-05<ref name=":0" />
	[[Category:Drug reference]]		[[Category:Drug reference]]

Chris.Rishel: Added embedded dosage calculation

2022-03-30T08:02:27Z

Added embedded dosage calculation

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:02, 30 March 2022
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	\| routes =		\| routes =
	\| dosage =		\| dosage =
			\| dosage_calculation = ondansetron
	}}		}}

Oliviamsutton: Created page with "{{Infobox drug reference | trade_names = | drug_class = | drug_class_color = | uses = | contraindications = | routes = | dosage = }} Provide a brief summary of this dr..."

2021-11-10T17:52:36Z

Created page with "{{Infobox drug reference | trade_names = | drug_class = | drug_class_color = | uses = | contraindications = | routes = | dosage = }} Provide a brief summary of this dr..."

New page

{{Infobox drug reference
| trade_names =
| drug_class =
| drug_class_color =
| uses =
| contraindications =
| routes =
| dosage =
}}

Provide a brief summary of this drug here.

== Uses ==

== Contraindications ==

=== Absolute contraindications ===

=== Precautions ===

== Pharmacology ==

=== Pharmacodynamics ===

==== Mechanism of action ====

==== Adverse effects ====

=== Pharmacokinetics ===

== Chemistry and formulation ==

== History ==

== References ==

[[Category:Drug reference]]